EGYPT
CO₂ Emissions & Climate Analysis · 2001–2023
Country Overview
2001 — 2023
Total CO₂ Emission
—Mt
—
Annual carbon dioxide emissions in megatonnes (Mt CO₂). Sourced from the Global
Carbon Project via Our World in Data.
Per Capita Emission
—t
vs world avg
Annual CO₂ per person (tonnes/person/year). Calculated as total CO₂ ÷ population
from UN Population Division.
Global CO₂ Share
—%
of world total
Share of global CO₂ emissions (%). Country's annual emissions as a percentage of
worldwide total.
GDP per Capita
—USD
latest year
Gross Domestic Product per person (USD). Sourced from World Bank WDI indicators,
adjusted for purchasing power parity.
Egypt
EGY
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Global Context
CO₂ per capita emissions
—
t/cap
Egypt emits 6.8× less CO₂ per capita than the USA
Emissions Trend
2001 — 2023 Analysis
Total CO₂ Emissions
Mt CO₂
Production
Consumption
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Solid line: territorial emissions. Dotted line: consumption-based (adjusted for imports/exports).
Per Capita CO₂
t / person
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Carbon Inequality
Global Comparison
Per Capita Comparison
t CO₂ / person
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GDP vs CO₂ Emissions
scatter (bubble size = population)
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HDI-Adjusted Emissions
CO₂ / HDI score
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Lower =
more efficient human development per unit of CO₂ emission
Carbon Intensity of GDP
t CO₂ / million USD
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Emission Sources
Fuel Mix Breakdown
CO₂ by Source
2023
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Sources Over Time
Mt CO₂
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References
Data Sources & Credits
Primary Datasets
Our World in Data — OWID CO₂
github/owid ↗
UNDP Human Development Report
hdr.undp.org/data-center
↗
World Bank WDI
data.worldbank.org ↗
UN Population Division
population.un.org ↗
Variables Used
co2
Annual CO₂ emissions (Mt)
co2_per_capita
Per person (tonnes/year)
share_global_co2
% of world total
gdp
GDP (USD)
population
Population count
gdp_per_capita
GDP / person (USD)
cumulative_co2
Cumulative emissions since 1750
coal_co2
From coal combustion
oil_co2
From oil combustion
gas_co2
From gas combustion
cement_co2
From cement production
flaring_co2
From gas flaring
total_ghg_excluding_lucf
Total GHG excl. LULUCF (Mt CO₂e)
methane
CH₄ emissions (Mt CO₂e)
nitrous_oxide
N₂O emissions (Mt CO₂e)
land_use_change_co2
LULUCF CO₂ (Mt)
carbon_intensity
CO₂ / GDP (t per million USD)
hdi_adjusted
CO₂ per capita / HDI score
Climate & Policy References
IEA — International Energy Agency. (2023). World
Energy
Outlook 2023. iea.org
IPCC — IPCC. (2023). Climate change 2023: Synthesis
report. AR6. doi.org
ICAP — International Carbon Action Partnership. (2023).
Emissions trading worldwide: Status report 2023. icapcarbonaction.com
Climate Transparency — Climate Transparency. (2022).
Climate transparency report 2022. climate-transparency.org
AI Methodology Citations
Step 3.5 Flash — 196B MoE model via OpenRouter
Qwen 3.6 Plus Preview — 1M context, hybrid architecture.
qwen.ai
NVIDIA Nemotron-3 — Super (120B) & Nano (30B) hybrids.
nvidia.com
Arcee-AI Trinity Mini — 26B MoE for efficient reasoning.
arcee.ai
All models accessed via OpenRouter API (openrouter.ai)
Benchmark Reference
The 300 Mt CO₂e threshold is utilized as a sectoral
decarbonization indicator, aligned with the IEA's (2023) Net Zero Roadmap and regional 1.5°C "fair share"
pathways (e.g., Climate Transparency, 2022), to evaluate a country's trajectory toward mid-century climate
neutrality.
UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2024: The annual UNEP report assesses the gap between planned emissions reductions and pathways consistent with Paris Agreement goals. The 2024 edition emphasizes that current NDCs remain insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C. unep.org
Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2024: Egypt ranks 22nd globally and 2nd in MENA (Middle East & North Africa), based on categories including GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy. ccpi.org
Growth Metrics (CAGR): Compound Annual Growth Rate calculated as:
Egypt's Key Phases:
HDI-Adjusted Emissions: The indicator combines CO₂ per capita with Human Development Index to assess climate justice and equitable development. Based on UNDP's Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI (PHDI) framework which adjusts HDI for environmental pressures. hdr.undp.org
UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2024: The annual UNEP report assesses the gap between planned emissions reductions and pathways consistent with Paris Agreement goals. The 2024 edition emphasizes that current NDCs remain insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C. unep.org
Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2024: Egypt ranks 22nd globally and 2nd in MENA (Middle East & North Africa), based on categories including GHG emissions, renewable energy, energy use, and climate policy. ccpi.org
Growth Metrics (CAGR): Compound Annual Growth Rate calculated as:
CAGR = ((End Value / Start Value)1/years - 1) × 100.
Used to assess emission trends over multi-year periods.Egypt's Key Phases:
- Pre-Arab Spring (2001–2010): Stable emissions trajectory, coal and oil dominance
- Arab Spring & Reform (2011–2016): Political transition, economic reforms, IMF program initiation
- Zohr Discovery (2017–present): Major gas field discovery (2015) transformed energy mix, surge in natural gas production, decline in oil share
HDI-Adjusted Emissions: The indicator combines CO₂ per capita with Human Development Index to assess climate justice and equitable development. Based on UNDP's Planetary pressures-adjusted HDI (PHDI) framework which adjusts HDI for environmental pressures. hdr.undp.org